[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]1. INTRODUCTION OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
1.1 The population explosion, industrial development and migration of people from rural to urban areas have resulted in the speedy growth of the urban sector in the country. Rapid urbanization has created many socio-economic problems making life miserable particularly for migrants and deprived communities who normally live in inhuman condition in the slums, on pavements, in settlements and labour colonies. Many are first generation migrants exposed to the stark realities of complex urban life and the industrial milieu. Similar conditions affect people living in the peripheral rural areas who have links with the neighboring urban agglomerations for employment, business and services.
1.2 Lack of education and skills, both vocational and technical, have left migrants unemployed/under-employed. Even those who have got job in factories/industries/business establishments receive a meager sum as wage/salary and hence, they are frequently unable to make both ends meet. Many, particularly youth, have fallen prey to anti-social elements. An urgent need therefore exists for specialized education integrated with awareness and functional improvement for such people.
1.3 Adult education is vitally important for these groups to improve their lives, decrease their dependency, increase their work efficiency and sharpen their capabilities for adaptation to social, economic and technological changes in the midst of their lives and work. The educational and vocational needs of these deprived sections constitute a specialized area of continuing education demanding its own strategy, Institutional arrangements and techniques.
1.4 Relating this need and growing urbanization to the coming decades, the Ministry of Education and Culture, Government of India, started a scheme of Shramik Vidhya Peeths, (SVPs) a programme of Adult Education for workers in urban and industrial areas. In the context of the country’s overall development, this programme was conceived as responding to the educational and vocational training needs of numerous groups of adult and young people. Men and woman belonging mostly to the unorganized, urban informal sector, living and working in urban and industrial areas and people who have been migrating from rural to urban settings, were expected to derive substantial benefits from such a scheme.
1.5 The first Shramik Vidhya Peeth was established in Mumbai (Worli) in the year 1967 and gradually the number increased to 17 up to 1983 and to 58 by the end of the Eighth Five Year Plan, i.e. 1996-97. Now 225 Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSSs) are running in the Country by the end of 2007. These Institutions have already proved to be one of the best vocational adult education centers in the country and the courses offered by these Institutions are in popular demand. Today, JSS offer around 225 different types of vocational training programmes ranging from candle and agarbatti making to computers.
1.6 The implementation of the scheme of Shramik Vidhya Peeths was evaluated by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai in 1993. This exercise of evaluation came after the scheme completed nearly 25 years of existence. The objective of the evaluation was mainly to throw some light on the impact of the Shramik Vidhya Peeth programmes and to make suitable suggestions regarding the desirable initiatives the Shramik Vidhya Peeth should take in the future. TISS submitted its final report at the end of 1993. Some of the findings were:
i. As long as the Shramik Vidhya Peeth remain committed to the deprived sections of the society with its tailor-made programmes of polyvalent education, they have all the justification to exist as Institutions outside the formal system and deserve financial support from the government;
ii. The skill oriented programmes of the Shramik Vidhya Peeths are largely directed towards enabling the beneficiaries to be engaged in self-employment.
iii. The Shramik Vidhya Peeth scheme has the potential to equip individuals with the skills required to be gainfully employed.
iv. None of the existing Organizational structures is in itself against the interests of the scheme of Shramik Vidhya Peeths. Shramik Vidhya Peeths can function effectively as autonomous, non-autonomous or semi-autonomous Institutions.
1.7 Mass campaigns for literacy in India have been essentially campaigns for social mobilization for awakening and arousing people in all walks of life. As people’s participation in Literacy Campaigns begin to increase, their involvement in socio-economic activities also becomes more meaningful. More than 85 percent of the country has been covered by the Literacy Campaigns and over 150 million learners in the 9-25 age groups, of whom about 62 percent are women have been brought within its ambit. Literacy has become a significant instrument of empowerment for poor, neo-literates and oppressed groups.
1.8 Hitherto, the scheme of Shramik Vidhya Peeths was restricted to urban/semi-urban industrial areas. Considering the changing literacy scenario in the Country and the large number of neo-literates to be covered under Continuing Education (in which skill development/ upgradation is a part) the activities of Shramik Vidhya Peeths are proposed to be enlarged to provide academic and technical support to Zila Saksharata Samiti (District Literacy Committee) in taking up vocational and skill development programmes for neo-literates in both urban and rural areas and also to organize equivalency programmes through Open Learning Systems.
To facilitate the playing of a better role, the Institutions will now be renamed as Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)- Institute of People’s Education (IPE) with increased financial support.
2. CONCEPT OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
2.1 Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) is conceived as an Institute for conducting skill upgradation in the areas of programmes of Non- formal, Adult and Continuing Education. It would also provide academic and technical resource support to Zila Saksharata Samiti in both urban and rural areas.
2.2 Thus, Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) represents an Institutional framework for offering Non-formal, Adult and Continuing Education programmes to disadvantaged groups. Their activities would, therefore, include:
i. Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) would offer vocational and skill development programmes for neo-literates in both industrial/urban and rural areas.
ii. Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) would organize training programmes for Key Resource Persons, Master Trainers and Trainees in vocational courses and also for neo-literates;
iii. The programmes would be based on the polyvalent or multi-dimensional approach to adult education.
2.3 The polyvalent approach attempts to provide knowledge and skills in an integrated manner and rests on the following principles:
i. A worker/neo-literate must have continuous access to education and training throughout his life.
ii. Each programme should be need-based.
iii. Since needs vary widely, programmers have to be:
Diversified
Flexible
Adaptable to varying situations
2.4 The polyvalent approach takes into account:
i. Learning needs.
ii. Convenience of place and time for learners and instructors variety in:
Contents
Durations
Methods
Instructional arrangements
2.5 The methodology includes:
Theory
Practical
Field work experience
3. OBJECTIVES OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
3.1 To improve the occupational skills and technical knowledge of the neo-literates and the trainees and to raise their efficiency and increase production ability.
3.2 To provide academic and technical resource support to Zila Saksharata Samiti in taking up vocational and skill development programmes for neo-literates in both urban and rural areas.
3.3 To serve as nodal continuing education centers and to co- ordinate, supervise and monitor 10-15 continuing education centers/nodal centers.
3.4 To organize training and orientation courses for Key Resource Persons, Master Trainers on designing, development and implementation of skill development programmes under the scheme of Continuing Education for neo-literates.
3.5 To organize equivalency programmes through Open Learning System.
3.6 To widen the range of knowledge and understanding of the social, economic and political systems in order to create a critical awareness about the environment.
3.7 To promote national goals such as secularism, national integration, population and development, women’s equality, protection and conservation of environment.
4. FUNCTIONS OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
4.1 Identify appropriate target areas/groups by developing socio-economic profiles.
4.2 Identify and procure the list of neo-literates from Zila Saksharata Samiti and ensure that at least 25 percent of the clientele of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) is neo-literates.
4.3 Organize training programmes for Key Resource Persons, Master Trainers and trainees in vocational course and for neo-literates.
4.4 Identify and ascertain a variety of educational and vocational needs of different categories of clientele groups.
4.5 Plan and organize polyvalent educational programmes and other activities including literacy, post-literacy and continuing education to suit the learning requirements of target groups.
4.6 Explore, innovate, work out alternatives and try new methodologies to meet the needs of different target groups through programmes of education and training.
4.7 Co-operate with educational, cultural and other social Organisations involved in organizing programmes and activities to meet educational, vocational, social, cultural and welfare needs of target groups.
4.8 Act as a coordinator, facilitator and catalytic agent by developing a system of networking in collaboration with other educational and technical Institutions, development departments, welfare agencies, employers and worker’s Organisations, Voluntary Agencies and economic enterprises.
4.9 Undertake training and orientation of resource persons/instructors involved in planning and implementation of various programmes.
4.10 Organize equivalency programmes through Open Learning Systems.
4.11 Organize library and reading room facilities. The libraries will have literature suitable for neo-literates and sale counters for distribution of literacy material at subsidized rates to the neo-literates and other interested readers.
4.12 Provide consultancy services to Agencies and enterprises planning to organize programmes for training and education of similar target groups.
4.13 Organize educational and vocational training programmes with special concern for deprived sections, women/girls and unemployed youth to provide new skills, refine/sharpen/upgrade the existing skills leading to employment, self-employment and income generation.
4.14 Promote Organisation of forums such as cooperative societies, mandals and associations of women, youth and workers with a view to undertake collective activity for socio-economic development.
4.15 provide follow-up services to beneficiaries of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
5. TARGET GROUP
5.1 The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will concentrate on the socio economically backward and educationally disadvantaged groups of urban/rural population such as men, women and youth, employed, self employed, neo-literates, prospective workers and their family members as well as unemployed youth.
5.2 Priority is to be given to adult neo-literates/semi-literates, SC and ST, women/girls, oppressed, migrants, slum/pavement dwellers and working children.
6. ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
• Composition of Board of Management (BoM)
• Powers and Functions of the Board of Management (BoM)
• Duration of Membership
• Meeting of the Board of Management (BoM)
• Composition of the Executive Committee (EC)
• Powers of the Executive Committee (EC)
• Additional Powers of the Executive Committee (EC)
• Meetings of the Executive Committee (EC)
• Residual Powers of the Government of India
• Power to Frame, Amend or Repeal Bye- Laws
• Delegation of Powers
• Selection, Powers, Functions and Duties of the Chairman
• Powers and Functions of the Vice-Chairman
• Powers, Functions and Duties of Director (Member- Secretary)
• Selection and Emoluments of Director
• Method of Recruitment
• Emoluments
• Selection of the other Staff
• Gratuity and Provident Fund
• Vigilance and Grievances
6.1 Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will function as registered Voluntary Organisations under the aegis of the Parent Voluntary Agency.
6.2 The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will be sanctioned to University only where an appropriate Voluntary Agency cannot be located. The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) sanctioned to University will, therefore, function only till such time, as a suitable Voluntary Organisation is located.
6.3 The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) already functioning under the aegis of Universities must be brought under the aegis of registered Voluntary Agencies in a phased manner as soon as registered Voluntary Agencies are located.
6.4 The affairs of each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) are to be managed by a Board of Management (BoM) having members representing the interests of neo- literates/semi-literates.
6.5 An Executive Committee (EC) and a Staff Selection Committee (SSC) shall assist the Board of Management (BoM).
6.6 Each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall have a nucleus of professional staff to plan, coordinate and conduct the programmes.
6.7 Services of local qualified and experienced instructors/resource persons/experts to impart different skills shall be hired on a part time/fixed honorarium basis.
6.8 Each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) should be registered independently under the Societies Registration Act of 1860 according to the Memorandum of Association and Bye- Laws provided by the Government of India.
6.9 Composition of Board of Management (BoM)
The affairs of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall be managed by a Board of Management (hereafter referred to as BoM) which shall consist of the following members:
1. Chairman
2. State Director of Adult/Mass Education or his/her nominee.
3. One representative from a District Urban Development Agency or Rural Development Agency or Department dealing with Social Welfare Activities of the State Government.
4. One member representing Local Self-Government Institutions.
5. Two eminent persons from the field of Education/Women’s Welfare.
6. Two prominent social workers (one of them should preferably be a woman).
7. One member representing the Zila Saksharata Samiti.
8. One member representing employers.
9. One member nominated by JS (AE)/DG (NLM).
10. Director of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) (Member-Secretary).
6.9.1 At the first meeting of the Board of Management (BoM), one non-official member of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be selected as Vice-Chairman.
6.9.2 In the case of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) set up by a Voluntary Agency, it shall be the Chairman/President of the Voluntary Agency. Where the Chairman/President of the Parent Body is not the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), then the Governing Body of the Parent Organisation shall nominate any member of the Governing Body of the Parent Organisation to be the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS). The tenure rule will similarly be applicable to Chairman.
6.9.3 Maximum age limit for members of the Board of Management (BoM) excluding Chairman shall be 65 years. The Chairman and the non-official members may serve for two terms of three years, each which may or may not run consecutively. No Chairman/Vice Chairman or member shall be entitled to more than two terms.
6.9.4 The total membership of the Board of Management (BoM) shall not exceed 12 persons including its Chairman and Member-Secretary, except with specific permission of the Government of India. Care may be taken to provide adequate representation to women on the Board of Management (BoM) and their number should not be less than two.
6.9.5 The Chairman and the Director (Member-Secretary of the Board of Management (BoM)) will remain in office as long as they enjoy the confidence of the Government of India. The Government of India will have the final say as far as their membership and their terms of office are concerned.
6.9.6 In the case of any dispute, conflict, non-functioning or unsatisfactory functioning of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), the matter shall be referred to the Government of India whose decision shall be binding on the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
6.10 Powers and Functions of the Board of Management (BoM)
The powers and functions of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be as follows:
i. To serve as the policy-making and supervisory body for the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
ii. To enlist the continued cooperation and support of Voluntary Agencies, welfare Organisations, worker’s unions, industrial establishments, developmental Agencies and Zila Saksharata Samiti for the programme.
iii. To establish such centers and sub-centers as are necessary to organize and implement the programme.
iv. To set up such sub-committees as are found necessary.
v. To periodically review and from time to time assess the programmes implemented by and through the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) with a view to effect modifications and improvements.
vi. To assess the financial requirements of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) in keeping with its objectives and approve the budgetary estimates.
vii. To exercise overall supervision and to ensure that the money spent achieves the objectives and that the targets are reached.
viii. To appoint all categories of staff for conducting the affairs of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), to fix the amount of their remuneration, to define their duties and to grant allowances and other emoluments.
ix. Generally, to take all such measures as may be found necessary, from time to time, to promote the objects for which the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) has been set up.
6.11 Duration of Membership
The duration of the membership of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be as follows:
i. The term of the Board of Management (BoM) shall commerce from the date that the approval of Government of India is given. The tenure of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be for three years and it shall automatically be over at the end of the three-year term.
ii. When the term of office of the Board of Management (BoM) comes to an end, all its members except the Chairman and the Member-Secretary shall vacate office. The Director who is ex-official Member-Secretary of the Board of Management (BoM) will continue as Member-Secretary as long as he remains the Director. Vacancy caused by the superannuation of the Director would be filled by the new Director. The Chairman and the Member-secretary will remain in office as long as they enjoy the confidence of the Government of India. The Government of India will have the final say as far as membership and their term of office is concerned.
iii. Out going non-official members of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be eligible for re-nomination for another term but not more than two terms in total, which may or may not be consecutive.
iv. Three months before the expiry of the term of the Board of Management (BoM), the Member-Secretary, in consultation with the Chairman, shall purpose a panel of names of the Government of India for the reconstitution of the Board of Management (BoM).
v. The Government of India shall, after careful consideration, approve the constitution of the Board of Management (BoM) incorporating such changes/alteration/additions and modification as it deems fit.
vi. If there is any vacuum between the expiry of term of the Board of Management (BoM) and the constitution of a fresh one, the Government of India shall appoint an Administrator as an interim arrangement.
vii. Power of Veto within the Board of Management (BoM) shall be vested with the representative of the Government of India. Any disputed matter shall be referred to the Government of India whose decision will be binding.
viii. During the Board of Management’s (BoM’s) term of office, vacancies may arise for the reasons indicated below:
1. Death.
2. Resignation addressed on the Member-Secretary unvriniganer accepted by the Board of Management (BoM).
3. Becoming of unsound mind or insolvent.
4. Conviction for a criminal offence involving moral turpitude.
5. Failure to attend three consecutive meetings without proper leave of the Board of Management (BoM).
ix. Any vacancy of the membership of the Board of Management (BoM) (or any of its committees) caused by any of the reasons mentioned above shall be filled in accordance with the provisions of guidelines. However, the person appointed in the vacancy shall hold office only for the unexpired period of the membership.
x. Where the member of Board of Management (BoM) (or any of its committees) becomes a member by reason of the office or appointment held, his membership of the Board of Management (BoM) (or its committees) shall terminate when he ceases to hold that office of appointments; and in his vacancy, his success or in office or appointments shall automatically be a member of the Board of Management (BoM) for the unexpired period of the term of membership.
xi. The Board of Management (BoM) and all its committee shall function not withstanding that any person who is entitled to be a member by reason of his office is not a member of the Board or its committees for the time being and not with standing any other vacancy, whether by non-appointment or otherwise; and no act or proceeding of the Board (or its committees) shall be invalidated merely by reason of the happening of above events or any defect in the appointment of any of its members.
xii. The Member- Secretary of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be the Director of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
6.12 Meeting of the Board of Management (BoM)
The following shall be observed with regard to the meetings of the Board:
i. Every meeting shall be presided over by the Chairman, and in the absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall preside over the meeting.
ii. In the absence of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman, one of the members of the Board of Management (BoM) present and selected from among the members will preside over that meeting.
iii. Five members of the Board of Management (BoM) present at any meeting shall constitute the quorum. No meeting shall take place in the absence of the Member-Secretary except in unavoidable circumstances when the next senior most staff member will act as substitute.
iv. Meetings of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by the Chairman and not less than 15 days notice shall be given to the members. The draft annual report and the yearly accounts of the Institution for the preceding financial year’s working shall have to be approved by the Board. The proceedings of each meeting shall be recorded and a copy of the minutes of such meetings shall be furnished to (1) Under Secretary (AE) Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Elementary, Education and Literacy, Government of India, (2) Directorate of Adult Education, Government of India and (3) State Directorate of Adult/Mass Education within 15 days after the meeting.
v. An emergency meeting of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be summoned in extra ordinary circumstances. On such occasions, the members shall be given at least three days notice. Discussions that have taken place at the emergency meeting need to be placed before the full meeting of the Board of Management (BoM) when it meets next.
vi. In case of difference of opinion among the members and where there is an equal division, the Chairman shall have the right of casting a vote.
vii. The power of veto shall be vested with the representative of the Government of India. Any disputed matter shall be referred to the Government of India whose decision would be binding.
viii. The Board shall necessarily meet at least twice in a year. In the absence of such meetings, the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall be liable to lose Government funding.
6.13 Composition of the Executive Committee (EC)
The management and control of the affairs of the Board of Management (BoM) shall be vested in the Executive Committee (EC), which shall consist of:
1. Vice-Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
2. Two non-officials from among the members of the Board of Management (BoM).
3. Representative of the Government of India.
4. Representative of the State Directorate of Adult/Mass Education.
5. Director and Member-Secretary.
6.14 Powers of Executive Committee (EC)
The powers of the Executive Committee (EC) shall be as follows:
i. The Executive Committee (EC) is fully empowered to manage the affairs and funds of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS). It shall also have the authority to exercise such powers of the Board as may be delegated to it periodically.
ii. The Executive Committee (EC) shall have the power with the sanction of the Board of Management (BoM) to make such bye- laws as they think proper for the preparation and sanction of budget estimates, the sanction of expenditure, entering into contracts, making investments and for any other purpose as may be necessary.
iii. The Executive Committee (EC) may, by resolution, appoint such sub-committees for such purposes and with such powers as the Executive Committee (EC) mat think fit. Such sub-committees may consist of persons who are the members of the Board but who, by reason of their experience and qualifications, may be considered useful for promoting the aims and objectives of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS). The sub-committees shall have the power to co-opt any person with the prior approval of the Executive Committee (EC).
iv. The Executive Committee (EC) may, by resolution, delegate to a sub-committee or to the Director (Member-Secretary) such of its powers for the conduct of its business as it may deem fit, subject to the condition that the action taken by any sub-committee or the person under the powers delegated to them by this sub-rule shall be reported for confirmation at the next meeting of the Executive Committee (EC).
6.15 Additional Powers of the Executive Committee (EC)
The Executive Committee (EC) shall also have the powers:
i. To purchase, take on or otherwise acquire any land, building or other property, moveable, immovable, which may be necessary for carrying on the functions of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
ii. To invest funds or money entrusted to the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) in such a manner as may periodically be determined by it.
iii. To draw, accept; make, endorse, discount and deposit Government of India and other promissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques or other negotiable instruments.
iv. To make rules and regulations for conducting the meetings and affairs of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and to adopt and modify them from time to time.
v. To regulate the expenditure and to manage accounts of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
vi. To sell, exchange, lease or dispose of all or any portion of the properties of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) moveable or immovable on such terms as it may think fit and proper without prejudice to the interest activities of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
vii. To raise and borrow money on bonds, mortgages, promissory notes or other obligations or securities, founded or based upon all or any of the properties and assets of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) with or without any securities and upon such terms and conditions as it may think fit and to repay and redeem any money borrowed.
6.16 Meetings of the Executive Committee (EC)
The Executive Committee (EC) shall meet at least twice in a financial year and not more than six months shall elapse between any two consecutive meetings of the Executive Committee (EC). These meetings shall be convened by the Vice Chairman. Notice for the meeting shall be issued under the signature of the Member-Secretary. The notice shall indicate the date, time and place of the meetings. The notice of the meeting shall be served on members either personally or by post not less than a fortnight in advance. The proceedings of each meeting shall be recorded and a copy of the minutes of such meeting shall be furnished to (1) Under Secretary (AE), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Elementary Education and Literacy, Government of India, (2) Directorate of Adult Education, Government of India and (3) State Directorate of Adult/Mass Education within 15 days after the meeting. Three members of the Executive Committee (EC) present in person shall constitute a quorum at any of its meetings
6.17 Residual Powers of the Government of India
. The Chairman and Member-Secretary of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will remain in office as long as they enjoy the confidence of the Government of India. The Government of India will have the final say as far as their membership and the term of office is concerned.
6.18 Power to Frame, Amend or Repeal Bye-Laws
Subject to the approval of the Government of India, the Board of Management (BoM) shall have the power to frame, amend or repeal any byelaws for furtherance of its objectives and in particular to provide for the following matters:
i. Matters relating to appointment, removal, resignation and term of office of the office bearers, other than the Chairman and the Member-Secretary
ii. The preparation and submission of the budget estimates to the Government of India, sanction of expenditure, entering into contracts, investment of the funds of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), the sale or alteration of such investments and audit of accounts.
iii. Procedure of the appointment of staff to assist the Director. All such appointments shall be only on a contract basis.
iv. The terms and tenures of appointments, emoluments, allowances, rules of disciple and other conditions of service of the staff of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
6.19 Delegation of Powers
i. The Board may, by resolution, delegate to its Member-Secretary and Sub-Committee (s) as may be constituted periodically, such of its powers for the conduct of the affairs of the Board as may be considered necessary.
ii. The Board of Management (BoM)/Executive Committee (EC) may delegate to the officers of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) or any of its committees such routine or administrative or financial powers as it may consider necessary.
6.20 Selection, Powers, Functions and Duties of the Chairman
In the cases, where the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) is under the aegis of a Voluntary Organisation, the Chairman of the Voluntary Organisation will be the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) provided that when a person ceases to be the Chairman of the Voluntary Organisation, he/she will also ceases to be the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
Provided also that a Chairman of the parent Voluntary Organisation will be the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) for a tern of not exceeding three years. Any single person can remain Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) for a maximum of two such terms, which may or may not be consecutive.
Provided also that where a Chairman of the parent Voluntary Organisation ceases to be the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), the Governing Body of the parent Voluntary Organisation shall nominate one of its members as the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
6.21 The Powers, Functions and Duties of the Chairman shall be as follows:
i. The Chairman shall be the honorary head of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
ii. He/she shall preside over all meetings of the Board of Management (BoM).
iii. He/she shall have the powers to convene ordinary and extraordinary meetings.
iv. He/she shall have powers to invite any other person to attend to the Board of Management (BoM) meeting as a special invitee.
v. He/she shall have the right of casting a vote in case of division.
vi. He/she shall issue the appointment order for the Director.
vii. He/she shall place the matter regarding disciplinary action against the Director at the Board of Management (BoM) meeting when the Director shall not be present at the said meeting.
viii. He/she shall convey the decision of the Board of Management (BoM) to the Director.
ix. He/she shall address a communication to the Government of India where there is a difference of opinion between the Chairman and the Board of Management (BoM) and the Government of India’s decision is final and binding.
x. He/she shall be kept informed, as and when, the Director goes out of the headquarters on tour.
xi. Annual appraisal report of the Director will be written by the Chairperson.
6.22 Powers and Functions of the Vice-Chairman
i. Vice-Chairman shall preside over the meetings of the Executive Committee (EC).
ii. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall also preside over the meeting of the Board of Management (BoM).
6.23 Powers, Functions and Duties of the Director (Member-Secretary)
The Director of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall be the Member-Secretary of the Board of Management (BoM). The recruitment and other matters concerning the post of Director shall be in conformity with the guidelines issued by the Government of India from time to time.
The powers, functions and duties of the Director shall be as follows:
i. Subject to any orders, rules and byelaws of the Institution, the Director of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall be responsible for the proper administration of the affairs of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) under the guidance of the Board.
ii. The Director shall be the executive head of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
iii. The Director shall prescribe duties of all the members of the members of the staff of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and shall exercise supervision and disciplinary control as may be necessary under the rules.
iv. The Director as Member-Secretary shall maintain a record of the minutes of all the meetings of the Board of Management (BoM)/ Executive Committee (EC) and shall be responsible for the proper execution and implementation of the decisions of the Board of Management (BoM)/Executive Committee (EC).
v. The Director shall be the Drawing and Disbursing Officer.
vi. The Director is empowered to issue cheques up Rs. 10,000.00. Payment of more than Rs. 10,000.00 shall be counter signed by a member of the Board of Management (BoM) who is to be nominated by the Board of Management (BoM).
vii. The Director is empowered to purchase items up to Rs. 5,000.00 in each case. Purchase of items beyond Rs. 5,000.00 shall be done through a purchase committee to be appointed by the Executive Committee (EC). All purchases above Rs. 5000.00 shall be placed before the Executive Committee (EC) when it meets next for ratification. Any purchase made beyond Rs. 25,000.00 must have the prior approval of the Executive Committee (EC).
viii. For all the appointments, the Director shall issue the appointment order.
ix. The Director shall act as a nodal point for communication between the Department of Elementary Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, Directorate of Adult Education, Government of India and the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
x. The Director shall entrust responsibility for activities to the programme functionaries proportionately to ensure their full and potential participation. He/she shall also hold regular meetings with the staff members, particularly with the programme functionaries to plan and implement and to review the activities as allocated.
xi. The Director will initiate action for conducting and periodically updating socio-economic profiles and survey and for identifying areas, locations and target groups for planning and formulation of the work plan.
xii. The Director will initiate action for assessment of learning needs and requirements of training for identified groups and in are as selected for programme operation.
xiii. The Director will initiate action for developing and maintaining a system for selection and training of resource persons and part- time instructors.
xiv. The Director will initiate action for identification and mobilization of resources needed for conducting the programmes.
xv. The Director will initiate action for planning of programmes such as the preparation of course designs; teaching/learning material; procedures for learning assessment; programme schedule; selection and enrolment of participants; timing and location for conducting programmes.
xvi. The Director will establish and develop contacts with appropriate Agencies with a view to facilitate exchange of information and promoting mutually beneficial linkages in programmes and activities to be organized for different target groups by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) itself or as joint ventures in cooperation/ collaboration.
xvii. The Director will render and facilitate consultation and counseling services to individuals and Agencies; worker’s Organisations, employers and enterprises and other such Organisations in matters of programmes of adult education and participates in meetings and discussions involving adult education issues.
xviii. The Director will undertake activities for programme support communication availing himself of various means of media, organizing or participating in exhibitions, special group meetings and inter-agency seminars for promotion and publicity.
xix. The Director will pursue action connected with the follow-up conclusions and recommendations of seminars and workshops held by the Directorate of Adult Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for improving and publicity.
xx. The Director will institute a system of follow-up activities for Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) programme beneficiaries.
xxi. The Director will evolve and monitor a system of annual performance appraisals (confidential character rolls) of every office and clerical staff.
xxii. The Director will obtain the prior approval of Chairman (in his absence the Vice-Chairman) for his tour outside the headquarters.
6.24 Selection and Emoluments of Director
The Director is the Principal Executive Officer of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and is the Member-Secretary of the Board of Management (BoM). The recruitment and other matters concerning the post of Director shall be in conformity with the guidelines issued by the Government of India from time to time.
6.24.1 Method of Recruitment
i. The position shall be advertised in at least one national English daily and two local dailies giving all requirements of the post.
ii. The position shall be filled on a short – term contract or transfer/deputation basis for a period ordinarily not exceeding three years.
iii. The position may be filled up by promotion/deputation after following the due process of selection. In such cases, emoluments and other conditions will be decided by the Board of Management (BoM).
iv. The minimum age of the candidates applying for the position shall be 40 years and shall not exceed 55 years as on the date of application.
v. The composition of the Selection Committee for Director shall be:
1. Chairman, Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) – Chairman.
2. Joint Secretary (Adult Education)/Director-General, National Literacy Mission, Government of India or his nominee.
3. Secretary, Education/Adult Education/Mass Education of the State Government or his nominee.
4. If need be, Joint Secretary (AE)/Director General, National Literacy Mission may co-opt one or two experts to the committee.
vi. It is mandatory that the representative of the Government of India is present at the Selection Committee Meeting.
vii. The recommendations of the Selection Committee shall be placed before the Board of Management (BoM) for ratification when it meets next.
viii. A contract in the suggested model format shall be executed between the person selected for the post and Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
ix. The appointment letter for the position of Director shall be issued under the signature of the Chairman of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
6.24.2 Emoluments
Depending upon the qualification and experience of the person so selected, the Board of Management (BoM) may consider offering a minimum consolidated amount along with such facilities as it may deem fit (viz. EPF, residential telephone, vehicle for official use and medical reimbursement, house rent, servant allowance and leave travel concessions). This is, however, entirely suggestive.
It is clarified that each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) is free to decide the quantum of emoluments to be paid to the Director and to the other members of the staff. The Government of India will bear expenses only up to the limit of the amount provided in its annual grant.
6.25 Selection of the other Staff
All positions other than the Director shall be filled by following the prescribed procedures as decided by the Board of Management (BoM) and through a duly constituted selection committee. The payment of Gratuity and Provided Fund for the employees of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will be made out of the funds allocated under the “emoluments” head.
6.26 Vigilance and Grievances
i. Each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall constitute a three- member committee consisting of the following to deal with the cases relating to the Vigilance and Grievance cases of the institute.
ii. The Committee will consist of the following:
1. Representative of the Board of Management (BoM) Chairman
2. Representative of the Board of Management (BoM) Member
3. Representative of a reputed Voluntary
Organisation or a social activist Member
Note: One of the members should be a woman
iii. The committee should meet twice a year to examine the pending vigilance/grievance cases. The cases along with the recommendations/views of the committee should be placed before the Board of Management (BoM) for a decision. The Board of Management (BoM) at its level may take a decision or refer the matter to the Government of India for guidance, if need be.
7. PROGRAMME PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
7.1 The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall organize programmes keeping in view the objectives and target group in the city/town/district in which it is located. The activities may include:
i. Organizing of literary and adult education programme.
ii. Coordinate and oversee groups of Nodal Continuing Education Centers/Continuing Education Centers.
iii. Acting as resource centers for vocational education in post literacy and continuing education programmes.
iv. Organize equivalency programmes through the open leaning systems.
v. Integrate programmes of general education-cum-skill training designed for the needs of the special homogeneous groups.
vi. Organize programmes to improve vocational/occupational skills for vertical/horizontal mobility.
vii. Conduct family life, population and development education.
viii. Create awareness on issues such as healthy, hygiene, environmental sanitation, pollution, women’s empowerment, childcare, communal harmony and national integration.
ix. Organize cultural/recreational programmes including film shows, meetings, sports and games, excursions and tours.
x. Provide facilities for library and reading room services.
7.2 The steps required to be followed for organizing programmes:
i. Obtain and regularly update the list of neo-literates available in the office of the Secretary, Zila Saksharata Samiti.
ii. Obtain list of Continuing Education/Post Literacy Centre running in the town/city and neighboring areas.
iii. Prepare city profile. A part from the secondary data available with City Municipality/Corporation and other departments, primary data may be collected through a door-to-door survey.
iv. Identify and adopt a few slums/residential colonies/labour colonies for intensive coverage where economically, socially poor section lives.
v. Allot adopted are as to the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) programme staff for planning and implementation of the programme. This arrangement is necessary for assessing the individual staff member’s performance.
vi. Each member of the programme staff may play a programme of action including budget based on the need/requirement (the plan shall include vocational education, identification of resource persons, number of persons to be trained in each batch and the course fees per person per month/per programme).
vii. With the help of resource persons, the curriculum for each of the vocational courses may be developed and finalized. The curriculum content should include not only technical/vocational contents but also general awareness (more related to the courses and the clientele) which is otherwise called polyvalent aspects/life enrichment education.
viii. At the end of each course, the beneficiaries may be administered a simple test and course completion certificate may be awarded.
ix. Collaboration with other Agencies for organizing programmes (both physical and financial) shall enhance the percentage of coverage of the beneficiaries. However, in the name of collaboration, the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) should not surrender the basis objectives of the Institution.
7.3 Subject to the approval of the Government of India, the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) can change course fees from the beneficiaries. However, care shall be taken by the individual Organisations not to commercialize the programmes. The amount collected shall be deposited in a separate account and shall be recycled for organizing more programmes so that more people are benefited. The amount collected as fees shall not be normally used for purchase of immovable properties. Such expenditures should be initially considered and approved by the Board of Management (BoM)/Executive Committee (EC) and subsequently, by the Government of India. The amount also shall not be utilized for meeting the expenses on emoluments of the staff as well as for office expenses. The amount should not be diverted to the parent Organisation or to any other projects (s) of the parent Organisation.
The jurisdiction of a Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will not be restricted to the city/town but shall extend to the entire district in which it is situated. If more than one Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) is located in a district, are a demarcation will be done by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) with the approval of the Government of India.
8. STAFFING AND FINANCE OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
• Financial pattern for Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)
• Building Grant
• Action Plan and Budget
• Settlement of Accounts
• Re-appropriation of Funds
• Development Fund
• Acceptance of Funds from Other Sources
8.1 The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) is a scheme of assistance to Voluntary Agencies enabling them to run a programme with the aims and objectives of the Institution.
8.2 In order to fulfill the Institution’s objectives and to organize programmes for the identified clientele groups, each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) than should have qualified and experienced staff for planning and Organisation of the programmes, for developing and maintaining collaboration with other Institutions/Agencies and for the general administration of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
It is, therefore, suggested that the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) must have core staff, which will include one Director/CEO who will be the administrative head of the Organisation. He should be assisted by suitably selected personnel who would ensure:
i. Smooth administration.
ii. Regular planning and monitoring.
iii. Regular and accurate maintenance of accounts.
iv. Systematic conduct of programmes.
v. Adequate supervision of activities, both at office and field levels.
The decisions with regard to the number of employees, their emoluments, their duties and functions and their designations will rest entirely with the Board of Management (BoM). The structure and shape of the staffing pattern will also fall within the purview of the Board of Management (BoM).
As far as possible, the support services should be managed by hiring suitable service Agencies so that work of a manual is not entrusted to employees.
8.3 The members of the staff of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) are employees of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)/Parent Organisation, as the case may be, and are not employees of the Government of India. The role of the Government of India is strictly limited to providing the registered society with financial assistance according to the approved financial pattern. This too, it provides strictly on a temporary basis and is at liberty to withdraw such assistance withdraw such assistance without assigning any reason or issuing any notice.
8.4 The members of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) staff shall be engaged on a contract basis with consolidated emoluments, as may be fixed by the Board of Management (BoM). This will be effective from the date of issue of the guidelines by the Government of India. All the existing vacant positions shall be filled only on a contract basis.
8.5 No contract shall be signed with any staff member for a period exceeding three years. Contracts for shorter periods shall be signed at the discretion of the Board of Management (BoM). No contracts shall be renewed after the period of expiry of the contract. A fresh contract shall be entered into.
8.6 The resources (human, physical and financial) of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall be utilized for the purpose of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) only. Utilization of services of the members of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) staff by the parent Organisation, use of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) vehicle for other purposes and other transgressions shall be treated as a serious violation of these guidelines.
8.7 The Board of Management (BoM) of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) may decide the emoluments to be paid to staff members within the ceiling fixed by the Government of India.
8.7.1 The Annual Appraisal Report for the positions in Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will be written by functionaries at one level above the position to be reported upon. The positions for which the Director will be the Reporting Officer will be reviewed by the Chairperson. For others the Director will be the Reviewing Officer.
8.7.2 The Annual Appraisal report format will be provided by the Adult Education Bureau to the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
8.8 Financial Pattern for Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)
The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall be classified into three categories depending on the nature of the city/town and the quantum of work carried out by the Institution.
Financial assistance for recurring and non- recurring expenditure for the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will be as follows:
S.N. Particulars Amount (In Rs.)
I. Recurring Expenditure
1. Emoluments 13,00,000.00
2. Honorarium 8,00,000.00
3. Office Expenditure 4,00,000.00
4. Teaching Learning Material 5,00,000.00
Total 30,00,000.00
8.9 Building Grant
The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will be provided a building grant of Rs. 20.00 lakhs for construction or repair of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) building. However, the amount will be released subject to the following conditions:
i. The land or building should be registered in the name of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
ii. The building Plan should be approved by the local competent authority.
iii. Estimates should be prepared either by the P.W.D. or by an architect.
8.10 Action Plan and Budget
Before the commencement of the financial year, the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) would be required to formulate a comprehensive action plan indicating the programmes to be undertaken during the subsequent year and the achievements during the current year along with a detailed budget. Through in the financial pattern the allocations have been broadly indicated under four items only, it would be essential in the detailed budget to indicate the expenditure proposed to be incurred for each activity and sub items of expenditure is worked out. The Action Plan should be duly approved by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan’s (JSS’s) Board of Management (BoM) when the Government of India representative is present at the meeting.
8.11 Settlement of Accounts
As in the past, the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will continue to submit the audited statement of accounts and utilization certificate from the Chartered Accountant. In no case will expenditure above the ceilings laid down under each item has been approved by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan’s (JSS’s) Board of Management (BoM) when the Central Government’s representative is present at the meeting. The unspent balance remaining at the end of the year shall immediately be reported to the Department so that this is taken into account while releasing the grants for the next year. The Department’s permission would also have to be obtained for utilization of the unspent balance of the previous year.
8.12 Re-appropriation of Funds
Normally, the ceiling imposed under each broad category of expenditure will be adhered to. The general principles governing the re-appropriation under each item of expenditure would be a follows:
i. Emoluments
As in the initial years, the provision under this item may not be utilized in full and the savings may be appropriated to programme expenditure if required.
ii. Office Expenses
If is expected that the provision made under this item should be adequate. However, if excess expenditure is anticipated on account of any unforeseen/unavoidable expenditure, re-appropriation may be allowed from the savings under “Emoluments”.
iii. Programme Expenditure (i.e. Honorarium and Teaching/ Learning Material)
The Board of Management (BoM) of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) may allow re-appropriation from emoluments and office expenses towards ‘Programme Expenditure’ based on the need and requirement.
It would be desirable that the approval of the Board of Management (BoM) for any re-appropriation is obtained by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) when the representative of the Government of India is present at the meeting.
8.13 Development Fund
The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) Development Fund is a fund generated by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) on account of the following:
i. Fees collected from the trainees.
ii. Donations.
iii. Consultancy fees for the programmes conducted by Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) on behalf of the other Departments/Agencies.
iv. Any income other than grant-in-aid received from the Government of India.
8.13.1 A separate account shall be maintained for the income received under the Development Fund from different sources as mentioned above and it shall be subjects to audit and it shall be reflected in the audited statement of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) accounts.
8.13.2 The fee for different courses/activities shall be decided by the respective Board of Management (BoM) in which the presence of the representative of the Government of India is mandatory.
8.13.3 The amount under the Development Fund shall be spent broadly on the following items:
i. Programmes and activities of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
ii. Purchase of land, construction of the office building for the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), repair and renovation of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) building.
iii. Not more than 25 percent of the fund generated in year may be utilized towards the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) staff welfare activities, which may include the retirement benefits, etc.
8.13.4 The proposals for incurring expenditure from the Development Fund shall be placed at the meeting of the Board of Management (BoM) in which the presence of the Government of India representative is necessary.
8.13.5 Acceptance of Funds from other Sources
i. Recurring grants released to Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) are released on a year-to-year basis to provide vocational linked adult education programmes. For management of Continuing Education Centre and Nodal Continuing Education Centre funds would be released by the Zila Saksharata Samiti proportionately to the number of centers allotted to the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
ii. Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall not receive any grants from other Departments for implementation of their programmes without the specific approval of the Government of India (Adult Education Bureau).
iii. They shall not engage in activities, which are not related to the objectives of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
iv. If funds are received from other sources for similar objectives as of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), the same would be deposited separately but should be reflected in the annual statement of audited accounts of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS). The unspent amount of such grants would be credited to the Development Fund account and the expenditure would be incurred according to the rules of the Development Fund.
9. MONITORING OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
9.1 The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall submit the Annual Action Plan and Budget duly approved by their Board of Management (BoM) (the presence of the representative of the Government of India is mandatory at the meeting of the Board of Management (BoM) when the Action and Budget is considered and approved) to the Directorate of Adult Education, the Government of India, New Delhi in the format, as prescribed by the Directorate of Adult Education, preferably in the first week of February every year. This will be discussed and finalized by the Officers of DAE and AE Bureau with the concerned Directors of the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) in the months of February/March.
9.2 Each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will also submit, along with the annual action plan, complete details of staff strength in the prescribed format and proceedings of all the meetings of the Board of Management (BoM)/Executive Committee (EC).
9.3 Every Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) shall provide at the annual action plan review a complete list of staff employed, details of contracts drawn up and emoluments paid to each and every employee in the prescribed format.
9.4 A list of all capital assets acquired by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) so far and the details of assets acquired during the last five years will also be submitted.
10. EVALUATION AND FOLLOW UP OF JAN SHIKSHAN SANSTHAN (JSS)
10.1 Every Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) will be evaluated once in three years by an external Agency. The National Literacy Mission will forward the names of three to five such Agencies to the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS). The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) in turn may choose any one of the Agencies for the purpose.
10.2 A system of self-evaluation shall be a part of the programme organized by each Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS). Evaluation shall include:
i. Review regarding fulfillment of the objectives.
ii. Feedback for the improvement of the programme, particularly curriculum, methods, cost and organisation.
iii. Impact of the programme on the beneficiaries.
10.3 Responsibility for the concurrent evaluation will have to be done by the Board of Management (BoM) and full time Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) staff.
10.4 Directorate of Adult Education, Government of India, New Delhi shall formulate evaluation guidelines and circulate to the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) for compliance.
11. DIRECTORATE OF ADULT EDUCATION
11.1 The role of the Directorate of Adult Education, Government of India, New Delhi:
i. Facilitating and coordinating technical support services.
ii. Monitoring of performance of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
iii. Facilitating and ensuring evaluation of Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS).
iv. Training and orientation to the programme/administrative staff.
v. Periodical visits.
vi. Clearing house services.
vii. Attending Board of Management (BoM)/Executive Committee (EC) and Staff Selection Committee meetings.
viii. Providing guidance to the members of Board of Management (BoM)/Executive Committee (EC) and programme/administrative staff.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,1454″ img_size=”medium”][/vc_column][/vc_row]